a, \(AC=\dfrac{AB}{sin45^o}=\dfrac{a}{\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}=a\sqrt{2}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=AB.AC.cos\widehat{BAC}=a.a\sqrt{2}.cos45^o=a^2\)

b, \(\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\overrightarrow{AC}\left(\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=AC.BD.cos90^o+AC.AD.cos45^o\)

\(=a\sqrt{2}.a\sqrt{2}.0+a\sqrt{2}.a.\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}=a^2\)

c, \(\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{BD}=AB.BD.cos135^o=-a.a\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}=-a^2\)

d, \(\left(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\left(2\overrightarrow{AD}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)=\overrightarrow{BC}.\left(\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)

\(=\overrightarrow{BC}.\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BC}.\overrightarrow{BD}\)

\(=AD^2+BC.BD.cos45^o\)

\(=a^2+a.a\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}=2a^2\)

e, \(\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{DC}\right)\)

\(=\left(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{DB}\right)\)

\(=4.\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{DB}=4.AC.DB.cos90^o=0\)

+) ABCD là hình thoi nên cũng là hình bình hành

 Áp dụng quy tắc hình bình hành ta có:

 \(\overrightarrow p  = \overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AD}  = \overrightarrow {AC} \)

 \(\Rightarrow  |\overrightarrow p|  = | \overrightarrow {AC}| =AC \)

+) \(\overrightarrow u  = \overrightarrow {AB}  - \overrightarrow {AD}  = \overrightarrow {DB} \)

 \(\Rightarrow  |\overrightarrow u|  = | \overrightarrow {DB}| =DB\)

+) \(\overrightarrow v  = 2\overrightarrow {AB}  - \overrightarrow {AC}  = \overrightarrow {AB}  + \left( {\overrightarrow {AB}  - \overrightarrow {AC} } \right) = \overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {CB} \)\( = \overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {DA}  = \overrightarrow {DB} \)

 \(\Rightarrow  |\overrightarrow v|  = | \overrightarrow {DB}| =DB\)

+ Tính \(AC, DB\)

Tam giác ABD có \(AB=AD=a, \widehat A = 60^o\) nên nó là tam giác đều. Do đó DB = a.

Gọi O là giao điểm hai đường chéo.

Ta có: \(AO = AB. \sin B = a. \sin 60^o = \frac {a \sqrt 3}{2} \Rightarrow  AC = a \sqrt 3\)

Vậy \(|\overrightarrow p|  =  a \sqrt 3 ,|\overrightarrow u|  =  a, |\overrightarrow v|  =  a.\)

Ta có: \(AC = BD = \sqrt {A{B^2} + B{C^2}}  = \sqrt {{a^2} + {a^2}}  = a\sqrt 2 \)

+) \(AB \bot AD \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AB}  \bot \overrightarrow {AD}  \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AD}  = 0\)

+) \(\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC}  = \left| {\overrightarrow {AB} } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow {AC} } \right|.\cos \left( {\overrightarrow {AB} ,\overrightarrow {AC} } \right) = a.a\sqrt 2.\cos 45^\circ  = a^2\)

+) \(\overrightarrow {AC} .\overrightarrow {CB}  = \left| {\overrightarrow {AC} } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow {CB} } \right|.\cos \left( {\overrightarrow {AC} ,\overrightarrow {CB} } \right) = a\sqrt 2 .a.\cos 135^\circ  =  - {a^2}\)

+) \(AC \bot BD \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AC}  \bot \overrightarrow {BD}  \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AC} .\overrightarrow {BD}  = 0\)

Chú ý

\(\overrightarrow {a}  \bot \overrightarrow {b}  \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {a} .\overrightarrow {b}  = 0\)

\(\left|\overrightarrow{OA}-\overrightarrow{CB}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{OD}\right|=OD=\dfrac{1}{2}BD=\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

\(\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right|=2\left|\overrightarrow{AB}\right|=2AB=2a\)

\(\left|\overrightarrow{CD}-\overrightarrow{DA}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{BD}\right|=BD=a\sqrt{2}\)

Ta có: (vectơ AB + vectơ AD) + vectơ AC

           = vectơ AC + vectơ AC
           = 2 vectơAC

=> | vectơ AB + vectơ AC + vectơ AD| = 2 vectơAC = 2a căn 2